Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2010, Volumen 20, Numerus 3
ISSN 1648-6919
CRANE AND WINTER FLIES (DIPTERA: LIMONIIDAE, PEDICIIDAE,
TRICHOCERIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH FUNGI IN LITHUANIA
Jolanta
Department of Zoology, Vilnius University, Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail:
[email protected] Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail:
[email protected] Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail:
[email protected]Abstract. The list of Lithuanian crane ies and winter ies, whose larvae were found developing in fungi,
is given. The list of fungi, in which larvae of crane and winter ies develop, is compiled in Lithuania
for the rst time. For the rst time were larvae of Metalimnobia bifasciata (Schrank, 1781) reared from
seven species of fungi and Ula bolitophila Loew, 1869 was rst reared from one fungus species. This
study revealed one new for Lithuania species of crane ies – Ula mixta Stary, 1983. In addition, for the
rst time a trophic relationship between this species of crane ies and fungi was revealed.
Key words: Limoniinae, Pediciidae, Trichoceridae, larvae, Limonia, Metalimnobia, Ula, Trichocera
In t r o d u c t I o n
Larvae of 25 species belonging to two families of
Tipuloidea crane ies (Limoniidae and Pediciidae) can
develop in various fungus species in the Palaearctic.
Larvae of Tipulidae crane ies can be found in such a
habitat as fungi only occasionally. Development of some
Limoniidae and Pediciidae species can take place only
in fungi, whereas larvae of other species can be found
both in mouldy wood and mushrooms. Species of crane
ies associated with fungi are studied in other countries
comparatively well. The rst papers devoted to that issue
appeared in the 19
th
century (Stannius 1829). Lindner’s
(1958) publication appeared to be the rst purposive
study of crane ies developing in fungi. Other authors
(Buxton 1960; Dely-Draskovits 1972; Trifourkis 1977;
Hackman & Meinander 1979; Savchenko & Krivolut-
skaya 1976; Stubbs & Chandler 1978; Krivosheina et
al. 1986; Yakovlev 1994; Ševčik 2001, 2006) compiled
the list of mushroom species associated with crane y
larvae. Only larvae of the species belonging to the genera
Achyrolimonia, Atypophthalmus, Discobola, Limonia,
Me talimnobia, Rhipidia (Limoniidae, Limoniinae) and
Ula (Pediciidae) develop in fungi. Scleroprocta sororcu-
la (Zetterstedt, 1851), which was recorded in Piptoporus
betulinus (Buxton 1960), usually develops on the bot-
tom of a streamlet and the above-mentioned record of
its larvae in fungi is not typical. Only two species of
Achyrolimonia – A. neonebulosa (Alexander, 1924)
and A. decemmaculata (Loew, 1873) are associated
with fungi (Lindner 1958; Buxton 1960). A. decem-
maculata was found directly in fungi, A. neonebulosa
develops in mouldy wood. Atypophthalmus inustus
(Meigen, 1818) and Rhipidia uniseriata Schiner, 1864
only once were recorded developing in fungi (Stubbs &
Chandler 1978) as they usually occur in rotten wood.
Three species of Discobola are associated with fungi:
Discobola annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) – a European
species developing in mouldy wood and sometimes
in fungi (Krivosheina et al. 1986); the Palearctic spe-
cies – Discobola parvispinula (Alexander, 1947) was
recorded in Clavicorona pyxidata once (Ševčik 2006);
Discobola margarita Alexander, 1924 is distrib-
uted in southeastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions
and develops only in mouldy wood (Krivosheina et
al. 1986). Larvae of Limonia usually develop under
wet leaf litter, but the species Limonia albifrons (Mei-
gen, 1818), L. avipes (Fabricius, 1787), L. nubeculosa
Meigen, 1804, L. phragmitidis (Schrank, 1781) and
L. trivittata (Schummel, 1829) were also found in mush-
rooms (Savchenko 1981; Lindner 1958; Krivosheina et
al. 1986; Buxton 1960; Hackman & Meinander 1979). It
is known that larvae of all Metalimnobia and Ula species
usually develop in fungi (Lindner 1958; Buxton 1960;
Hackman & Meinander 1979; Krivosheina et al. 1986).
Larvae of Neolimonia dumetorum (Meigen, 1804) and
Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818 develop in mouldy
wood (Krivosheina et al. 1986), but there are a few
records of their development in mushrooms as well
(Dely-Draskovits 1972; Trifourkis 1977).
Larvae of crane ies developing in fungi were not pur-
posively investigated in Lithuania earlier.
Five species of winter ies, Trichocera annulata Mei-
gen, 1818, Tr. hiemalis (De Geer, 1760), Tr. regelationis
(Linnaeus, 1758), Tr. rufescens Edwards, 1921 and
Tr. saltator (Harris, 1776) were reported to develop in
DOI: 10.2478/v10043-010-0026-3
(12 pages)
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